High-Quality Audio Recording: On A
Budget
By Andrew Selfridge
Over the past year and a half we have seen the emergence
of many high quality digital audio recorders. These
recorders bearing brand names like Zoom, Marantz, Tascam,
Edirol, Yamaha, and Olympus have all thrown their
offerings into the arena with cheaper, high-end digital
audio recorders. What makes these systems more valuable
than regular, thirty-dollar voice recorders from your
local retail store? Audio quality would be the short
answer. These high-end audio recorders have much higher
sample rates and lower audio noise floors than their
cheaper voice recorder counterparts. Using both
side-by-side often shows that the higher quality
recorders can clearly identify benign sounds that take on
an eerie evp-like quality on lesser recorders.
MOVING TOWARDS BETTER QUALITY
Some researchers have sworn a cult-like loyalty to their
older, noisy digital voice recorders (such as the
infamous Panasonic DD-R60). A lot of people believe that
the noise provided by the poor sampling rates and heavy
digital compression is the media in which evp is likely
to manifest. I do not know if that is the case or not,
but I do know that it makes it extremely difficult to
weed out genuine phenomenon from noise, digital
compression, case handling noise, and microphone bumps.
It is my belief that we should strive to put our best
foot forward as far as audio evidence, and the best way
to do this is by using an audio recorder that has much
better quality or "Hi-def audio".
Despite the logic of trying to obtain the best quality
audio for evidence purposes, there are still some folks
that object, saying these higher quality recorders
drastically decrease the number of evp files that they
collect. I think it is more likely that they are able to
more readily distinguish the natural sounds on the higher
quality recorders and as such are not mistaking those
sounds for evp as was likely on the lesser recorders. I
have recently picked up a Zoom H2 handycorder, the entry
level high quality audio recorder from Samson. This is on
the lower end of what I consider to be a high quality
recorder, yet the divide between the audio obtained on
this recorder and that found on a common voice recorder
is large indeed. With this recorder, I now have the
ability to record CD quality (44.1khz, 24bit uncompressed
.wav) stereo (or 4 channel surround) sound. Since using
this recorder, I have not looked back and never again
will I use cheaper, lower quality recorders. As I said
the H2 is an entry level high quality recorder and it can
be purchased at a price around 150.00 US. Other brands
mentioned above can be had for as little as 300.00 or as
much as 1k depending on storage space, features, or
number of embedded microphones.
AN ALTERNATIVE
So what is a researcher to do when they do not have the
money to fork out for a hi-def audio recorder? Believe it
or not the same results can be achieved for a lot less
money provided that you have a computer. With the use of
a computer (preferrably a laptop), a quality stereo
microphone, and a free sound editing program, you too can
capture CD quality sample-rate sound and all it will cost
you is disk space.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
What kind of computer you intend to use is irrelevant,
just make sure that it is somewhat recent, has a clock
speed of 1.5ghz or better, and it would probably be a
good idea to make sure that you are running 512mb or more
(preferrably more) system RAM. Next you will need a
quality microphone. This will be personal preference, but
it should be condensor or condensor-electret hybrid style
with a 1/8" jack. To use stereo or not is again a
personal preference, but I believe you should always use
stereo to aid in determining sound strength in the left
or right channel. Next, simply install a free sound
editor with record ability. Some examples include
Audacity, a multi-OS recording platform, Wavepad from NCH
Software, Wavosaur, a comprehensive recording program,
and finally Power Sound Editor Free 6.9.6. All of these
programs have record settings allowing for the recording
of audio in uncompressed .wav formats at 16bits or
better.
RECORDING OPTIONS AND BENEFITS
You will find that recording audio straight to your
laptop can offer flexibility in record options that you
could never get with a cheap digital voice recorder. An
example would be adding four microphones to a cheap four
channel mixer such as the RadioShack 32-2056 (29.00) and
using the stereo mixed output to feed into your laptop
recording software. There are many custom equalizer and
filter programs that can be used as well in addition to
the recording software to custom tailor the sound to your
parameters or to experiment with certain frequency ranges
during recording. Since your audio is already being
stored on your computer, it makes listening and editing
much easier since you don't have to wait to transfer it
to your PC. You can also compress these audio files for
archival storage, or burn them to DVD/disc.
BASIC METHOD
For a basic setup, simply connect a stereo microphone to
your laptop. In a program such as Audacity, enable
microphone recording (Edit>Preferences>Audio I/O
tab>Recording>Device: Microphone (or stereo mix)
>Channels: 2). Then simply click on the record button
to begin capturing audio. When finished, click on the
stop button and save the file. You may wish to adjust
recording levels, such as microphone volume, etc... until
you get a sound level that you prefer. It is just that
simple, and your audio is already saved on your computer.
The amound of time that you get to record is
proportional, of course, to the amount of free hard drive
space. This method of recording may seem cumbersome, but
the reward is in the sound depth and quality. This method
results in a system that is only as strong as it's
weakest link, so use only quality components. If you use
a substandard microphone you will get substandard audio
quality. With some experimentation, you will find that
"sweet spot" and your audio evidence files will benefit.
Links to free audio recording programs:
Audacity:
http://audacity.sourceforge.net/
Wavepad:
http://www.nch.com.au/wavepad/
Wavosaur:
http://www.wavosaur.com/
Power Sound Editor Free
http://www.free-sound-editor.com/